音标：[hɑ:d]
a. 坚硬的, 硬的, 难的, 艰苦的, 困难的, 坚固的, 猛烈的, 艰难的, 结实的, 确实的
ad. 坚硬地, 努力地, 辛苦地, 接近地, 猛烈地, 牢固地
【经】 稳定的, 苛刻的
相关词组:
as hard as nails
as hard as the nether millstone
be hard hit by
be hard pressed
be hard put to it to do sth
be hard up for money
go hard with sb
hard and fast
hard at it
hard by
hard done by
hard upon
learn sth the hard way
run sb hard
take sth hard
take it hard
Hard facts prove that...
be in hard condition
be hard at work
hold on hard
look hard at sb
follow hard after sb
as hard as a brick
在线英汉词典
hard的短语、例句：
hard
adj
(-er, -est)
1 not soft or yielding to the touch or easily cut; solid; firm 硬的; 坚实的; 坚固的
ground made hard by frost 冻硬的土地
Their bodies were hard and muscular after much training. 他们经过长期锻炼, 身体又结实又强壮. Cf 参看 soft.
2 ~ (for sb) (to do sth) difficult to do or understand or answer; not easy 难做的; 难懂的; 难答的; 困难的
a hard task, book, language 艰巨的任务、 难读的书、 难学的语言
She found it hard to decide. 她感到难以决定.
Whether it´s true or not is hard to tell. 很难说究竟是真的还是假的.
It´s hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人很难改变自己的习惯.
You are hard to please/a hard person to please. 你这个人, 很难讨你欢心[是个很难讨你好的人].
3
(a) requiring much effort of body or mind; tough 费力的; 费神的; 艰难的
It´s hard work shifting snow. 清除积雪是很吃力的工作.
Some hard bargaining is called for. 需要进行艰难的谈判.
We must take a hard look at our finances. 我们应该密切注意财务问题.
(b) [attrib 作定语]
showing much effort; energetic辛苦的; 努力的
a hard worker 努力工作的人.
(c) of or like a strict or extreme political faction （政治斗争中）持强硬态度的, 不妥协的, 不让步的
the hard left/right 持强硬态度的左派[右派].
4 forceful; violent; harsh 有力的; 猛烈的; 严厉的
hard knocks 猛烈的打击 * hard words 严厉的言辞.
5 causing unhappiness, discomfort or pain; difficult to endure 困苦的; 难以忍受的
have a hard childhood 童年生活很艰苦
be given/have a hard time, ie experience difficulties, misfortunes, etc 过苦日子（经受艰难, 不幸等）
in these hard times, ie when life is difficult because of poverty, unemployment, etc 当此困苦时期（由於贫穷、 失业等原因而感到生计艰难的时期）.
6 (of the weather) severe （指天气）凛冽的
a hard winter/frost 严冬[寒].
7 (esp of a person) unfeeling; unsympathetic; harsh （尤指人）硬心肠的, 冷酷无情的, 严厉的
a hard father, ie one who treats his children severely 严父.
8 (of sounds or colours) unpleasant to the ear or eye; harsh （指声音）刺耳的; （指色彩）刺目的
a hard voice 刺耳的声音.
9 (of consonants) sounding sharp, not soft （指辅音）硬音的
The letter `g´ is hard in `gun´ and soft in `gin´. g这个字母在gun字中是硬音, 在gin字中是软音.
10 (of drinks) strongly alcoholic （指酒）酒精含量高的: hard liquor 烈酒
(joc 谑) a drop of the hard stuff, ie alcoholic drink 一点酒.
11 (idm 习语) be hard on sb
(a) treat or criticize sb severely 严格对待或严厉批评某人
Don´t be too hard on her she´s very young. 别对她太严了--她还小呢.
(b) be unfair to sb 对某人不公平
The new law is a bit hard on those who were born abroad. 新法令对那些在国外出生的人有点不够公平. drive a hard bargain => drive1. ,hard and `fast (of rules, etc) that cannot be altered to fit special cases; inflexible （指规则等）不能变通的, 不容更改的
hard and fast regulations, categories 硬性的规章制度、 分类方法
This distinction isn´t hard and fast. 这样的分类并非是一成不变的. (as) hard as `nails (of a person) without sentiment or sympathy; hard-hearted （指人）冷酷无情的, 铁石心肠的. (as) hard as `stone very hard or firm 极硬的; 坚如磐石的
The ground is as hard as stone after the drought. 长期乾旱之後土地硬得就像石头一样. hard `at it working hard 努力工作. hard `facts accurate information, not expressions of opinion, etc 客观事实（而不是意见、 看 法等）. hard `going difficult to understand or enjoy; boring 难懂的; 难欣赏的; 令人厌烦的
I´m finding this book very hard going. 我觉得这本书十分难懂. hard `lines; hard, etc luck (on sb) (infml 口) (used as anexclamation or a sympathetic comment on sb´s misfortune用作叹词或当提及某人的不幸时用以表示同情)
You failed your driving test, I hear hard lines! 听说你驾驶执照考试没及格--真不走运!
Its hard luck on those who were beaten in the first round of the competition.那些在第一轮比赛中就遭到失败的人真倒霉. a hard-`luck story version of events told by sb wanting sympathy （为博取同情而诉说的）不幸事. a hard/tough nut to crack => nut. ,hard of `hearing rather deaf 听觉不灵的
TV subtitles for the hard of hearing 电视中为听力差的观众加设的字幕. the hard/soft sell => sell n. hard to `take difficult to accept without annoyance, grief or bitterness （令人气恼、 悲伤或痛苦因而）难以接受的
I find his attitude very hard to take. 我觉得他的态度实在难以忍受. the `hard way using the most difficult or least convenient method to do or achieve sth 采用最困难或最麻烦的方法（做或实现某事物）
do sth/find out/learn/grow up the hard way 以吃力的方式或以高昂的代价做某事[调查/学习/成长]. make hard `work of sth make an activity seem more difficult than it is 用笨法子做某事. no hard `feelings no resentment or bitterness 没有嫌隙; 没有恶感
We were enemies once, but there are no hard feelings between us now. 我们曾经是仇人, 但现在彼此已不存芥蒂. play hard to `get (infml 口) try to increase one´s status and desirability by not readily accepting an offer or invitation,esp from the opposite sex 不轻易接受别人（尤指异性）给予的好处或邀请以提高身价. take a hard line (on/over sth) remain fixed and uncompromising in one´s attitude, policy, etc 奉行强硬路线; 持强硬态度. too much like hard `work (of an activity) too demanding or wearisome to undertake （指活动）太费劲, 太累人
I don´t want to go for a walk on such a hot day it´s too much like hard work for me. 我不想在这样的大热天里去散步--我简直吃不消. > hardness n [U].
hard adv
1 with great effort, energy or concentration; strenuously; intently 努力地; 费劲地; 费神地; 辛苦地; 热切地
work, think, pull, push, etc hard 努力工作、 悉心思考、 用力拉、 使劲推
try hard to succeed 争取成功.
2 with difficulty; with a struggle 困难地; 辛劳地
enjoy a hard-earned rest 享受以辛勤工作赢得的喘息机会
Our victory was hard won. 我们的胜利来之不易.
3 severely; heavily 严重的; 猛烈的
freezing/raining/snowing hard 严寒[下大雨/下大雪].
4 at a sharp angle 呈锐角: Turn hard left. 向左急转.
5 (idm 习语) be hard `put (to it) (to do sth) find it difficult 难以
He was hard put (to it) to explain her disappearance. 他难以说明她为什麽不见了. be hard `up be short of money 缺钱. be hard up for sth have too few of sth; need sth 缺少某事物; 需要某事物
He´s hard up for ideas. 他没有主意. die hard => die2. hard by (sth) (arch 古) near by 在附近
,hard by the `river 在河边
There was an inn hard `by. 附近有个客栈. hard `done by unfairly treated 受到不当的或不公正的对待
She feels (she´s been) rather hard done by. 她觉得（自己）有点委屈. hard on sth (fml 文) soon after sth 紧接某事物之後
His death followed hard on hers. 他在她死後不久也死了. hard on sb´s `heels closely following sb 紧跟某人
He ran ahead, with the others hard on his heels. 他在前面跑, 其他人紧随其後. hit sb/sth hard => hit1. take sth hard be very grieved or upset by sth 因某事而极度悲伤或烦恼
When their child died they took it very hard. 他们的孩子死时他们痛苦不堪.
hard